Purpose Statement

American Education and Policy exist for the purpose of challenging the status quo, for improving the quality of instruction, training, or study, currently established for acquiring skills, enabling citizens to reason and make mature intellectual judgments needed for competing in the global economy; regardless of race, ethnicity, or socioeconomic status.

Monday, November 2, 2015

My Teaching Philosophy



The premise of my teaching philosophy is that all children can learn, and that through appropriate and differentiated kinds of instruction while accommodating learning styles; students can achieve. I believe that teaching and learning are connected as learning is the product of good instructions from teachers who apply best practices to student-centered kinds of learning experiences. The role of the instructor is for teaching students how to learn and to think critically about information. The instructor/teacher/facilitator, directs learning to higher levels of learning including levels of knowledge, understanding, application, analysis, evaluation, and assimilation. Teachers provide a model for the learner of how skills are performed while fostering highly skilled learning that requires highly skilled instructors. Through technology, the world and infinite kinds of knowledge become available to students while stimulating inquisition and curiosity. Through other available resources, students will learn to think socratically as they are free and encouraged to ask the questions for gaining new knowledge in hopes of finding truth.

My teaching is founded on the belief that all student can learn. No matter the IEP or the perceived intellectual ability or limitations, when learning music, many students have a tendency to surpass the confinements of an IEP.  Students will learn at their own pace and will comprehend on levels that one may not recognize but one should not restrict, constrain, nor assume that a student is unable to learn based on one’s expectation because one’s expectations will likely be challenged. Too often, I have witness where classroom assistants held a child in a chair because of a predisposed view that proved to have little foundation. One must be willing to set the learner free to learn and experience all that others are learning and believe that achieving is possible.

I use approaches for teaching music that work for accomplishing a particular goal. For building musicianship and defining intonation, Kodaly has proven most effective. Students build listening and musicianship as they are intellectually listening to intervals, and can visualize the contour of a melody, as the hand signals naturally provide a picture for varying pitches. Orff helps specifically when creating accompaniments and desiring to incorporate various instruments for creating ostinatos and using syllables to identify rhythm patterns. The approach works well and fosters for building of imagination. Reading stories and creating sounds for the stories with rhythm and patterns derives from the Orff approach and is successful for eventually teaching literacy.

My teaching affects my students and strengthens their self-image. In my school choir, my students allow me to shape their voices and are seeing the benefits of diaphragmatic breathing. They are singing in tune, singing with head voices while producing beautiful overtones, and are able to sing in harmony. Building vocal parts helps them to understand interdependence and that each voice part plays an integral role of the group. Through singing, the students achieve high levels of internal satisfaction as they are learning to connect their singing to their spirits. When the students can sing a simple canon “Like a Bird” and find joy in singing, then I have achieved a great personal goal; for them to appreciate and enjoy all styles of music.

Sunday, October 4, 2015

Strategies for Improving Classroom Management



In today’s classroom, students have become more confrontational with teachers and show little interest in following rules and authority. Classroom management is undoubtedly a major component for successful teaching.  According to Willis, punishment and rewards are no longer effective for managing student behavior since many of the homes of the students are more hostile than our classrooms; therefore, students must learn to take ownership of their environments. When students intrinsically desire to do better, they do better. Barbara Coloroso says that students are given a gift when they are taught to ask the question; “What’s in it for me”? (Willis, 1996).

We all have those students who are known to have behavioral issues and who somehow feel entitled to disrupt the classroom or who show disrespect because “everyone knows that is how they are”. All teachers recognize that merely posting rules on the walls in the classroom will not fix the problems with defiant or attention seeking students. Therefore, students need a reason to behave and the questions of what’s in it for me?, must be answered. While each new school year, I seek to find new solutions for improving management strategies in my own classroom as I realize that strategies must be updated because students actually become bored with the norm.

  I have been guilty in some situations of being reluctant to call the home of a certain student because of the assumption of not receiving the needed results through a phone call. Much to my surprise, I have learned that behind the disruptive child is often a caring parent who becomes embarrassed and hurt to hear about her child’s behavior. That parent is often the one who seeks to correct the child but has not identified the real needs of the child and may compensate for the lack thereof with materials kinds of appeasements in hopes of changing the child’s behavior. While that parent may delay getting additional supports for the student, the child is steadily developing behavioral patterns that are self- destructive and damaging for the school climate. In this article, I wish to share some of the strategies I am using in my classroom this year, hoping they prove successful for my situation, and will support your ideas in the classroom. I hope to provide you with feedback throughout the year as I teach in an urban school with many challenging behaviors to address.

ClassroomDojo
Firstly, I am utilizing the www.classroomdojo.com in my classroom which is an online forum for communicating with parents and students, and for students to earn points; for being on task, for good behavior, and for being prepared in class. In the music classroom, of course certain supplies are needed and serve of utmost importance for a student’s success. Classroomdojo.com is a good site and is free of charge. Posting a sign in the classroom for how the students can apply their earned points on the site, provides excitement and an incentive for achieving, earning points, and as a reminder to use the classroomdojo.com site. So far the challenge has been ensuring that all parents receive the invites.

Behavior Bucks
Behavior bucks support the idea that students can redeem themselves when they fail.  With behavior bucks, students have opportunities to buy back their dignity. As they behave, they receive a one dollar behavior buck that can buy away a demerit. When consistency is apparent, they can receive a five dollar buck for buying a “star” in the classroom. The students are invited to take part in this challenge.               
                                                                                           
 The FAIR PLAN
The FAIR plan appears to be a viable plan that can work in the classroom as the acronym FAIR represents; F=function for the behavior may be for escaping a task, obtaining a thing, attention seeking, or sensory motivated; A=accommodations strategies, I= Interaction strategies, and R=Response strategies.  ABC notes are recommended to be taken by the teacher about the troubled student. A=note the events that occurred before the students behavior, B=Description of the student’s behavior, C=immediate response to the student’s behavior from teacher and students. The ABC notes will provide teachers with triggers and skill deficits.

Teachers must take the time to do ABC notes and can develop a chart similar to this for each disruptive child. As a music specialist, I find that each class has at least one to two children with severe behavior problems and traditional approaches are not always effective for them. The FAIR plan informs the teacher of exactly what behavioral function she is dealing with and encourages one to intelligently address the problem. According to Rappaport & Minahan, (2012) one should complete the ABC notes while regularly providing information for addressing the needs of the students. Once the behaviors have been analyzed, one should prepare a behavior plan. Although one’s school may have programs currently in use for improving student behavior, results are not always apparent when a defiant child is in the room, as a teacher is often left to deal with the issues alone without the needed feedback. The FAIR plan can support the teacher for providing needed feedback.

ABC Notes for: Student
Time
Activity
Antecedent
Behavior
Consequence




































                                                            References

 Rappaport, N., Minahan, J. (2012). Cracking the behavior code. Students who Challenge US. 18-25


Scott W. (1996). Finding Alternatives to control and compliance. Managing Today’s Classroom. 38(6)

Sunday, September 27, 2015

More on Pope Francis in the United States.



Loving the messages from Pope Francis in Philadelphia. The city and the country are experiencing a great revival just when we desperately need one. He is the messenger from God to us. I am not catholic but I am a christian and have always appreciated the liturgy of the catholic church. I appreciate their ceremonies and symbolism as part of their worship; especially the incense. 
The pope addressed every area of our society, even education as much application can be made toward education in America. Consider the lowly, the urban schools who often suffer most. Pope Francis said that God is in our cities. I have taught in the city since 1987 and understand the many needs of the city. I always felt like the city is my mission field. The work is difficult and demanding but one can not find greater reward than being in God’s place for you. The smiles and hugs from the children who express gratitude for my service are truly priceless. 

Friday, September 25, 2015

My Reflection on Pope Francis and Education in America



Much respect and appreciation is sent out to Pope Francis for his speeches in Washington D.C., and New York; to the United Nations, and his loving words to the people of the United States. At the United Nations, he discussed multiple topics pertaining to the existence of mankind including our common home having a sacredness, the unfortunate uniting of nations from fear and for destruction, and that the primary cell of social development is the family. He expressed a need for social justice, and care for the less fortunate and demonstrated compassion as he chose to feed the homeless instead of dining in a fancy setting. As we have economic groups in America, one can recognize where many misfortunes have been the repercussions of injustices imposed particularly on minorities and through the lack of education for minorities, or those in lower economic social groups.

One must appreciate the lowly estate that Pope Francis took upon himself as he drove in a small Fiat to demonstrate humility. We are reminded that “the first shall be last and the last shall be first.” Jesus also took on a lowly estate, although he was the son of God he was born homeless and humbled himself even as a servant. Reflecting on the pope’s strength through a humble and calm demeanor undoubtedly provided an example for American leaders and policy-makers.

Pope Francis mentioned the need for effective political and economic activity that is conscious of the fact that real men and real women may be being deprived of rights. This is very relevant for education. He also mentions that education is a right for families and the basis for reclaiming the environment. He said that, when economic and social exclusion is apparent, then a denial of the inclusion of fraternity exists. Applications can be made if one believes that inequitable opportunities for education exist in certain communities, and that unfair opportunities are affecting my brothers or my sisters, then the picture is changed. The agenda to help a brother or a sister to achieve to their fullest potential becomes primary. The reciprocal affect will be that the least likely will find a cure for cancer, or be able to excel in the sciences for curing the world’s climate problems.   

The scriptures represents precepts upon precepts and is summarized in loving one another. Defending human rights and social justice would not be a problem if love for one another truly existed. NCLB would not need to be a policy if love for one another existed. As I have said many times, when the appointment of persons into the top legislative positions are made, evidence of God in their lives must be present. If policies are for the common good of all people, then issues of the Common Core Standards would not be such a problem as they are today as competitive kinds of learning and responsible instruction would occur regardless of one’s status or race if leaders applied principles of the scripture.

Tuesday, September 1, 2015

Are Resources Necessary for Developing Career and College Readiness in Students?

As educators are obliged to uphold the standards aligned system (SAS) in Pennsylvania, preparing students requires a high level of instruction as career and college readiness are the standards, and that is without remediation (Act Inc, 2011). ACT examined the international competitiveness using the goal of the common core standards of career and college readiness standards. ACT performed an analysis while linking the PISA score to the U.S. career and college benchmark and found them to be equivalent, which places America’s benchmark on target for international readiness. Unfortunately, the results show the United States to place significantly below the college and career readiness benchmark while Shanghai China, Korea, Finland, and Hong Kong China all score significantly above college and career readiness benchmarks (ACT Inc., 2011).

 Teachers return to work this week in many cities of the U.S., as issues are often raised regarding adequate supplies in the classroom for sufficiently preparing American children for career and college readiness. Professional development focusing around creative approaches for teaching so often leave many teachers wanting because of the reality of not obtaining needed resources and supplies. For many teachers, personal financial sacrifices will have to be made, if their classrooms will run efficiently. Either the teacher will purchase the supplies, or plans for beginning the school year effectively will be squashed, as supplies are placed on the wish list. Something as simple as a projector and a quality speaker for playing music for appreciation of music from diverse cultures may need to wait until the next year. Ironically, America is said to be a wealthy nation where resources for education are readily available for all students.

 With all of the resources believed available for American students, why do American schools still remain lacking academically compared to students in so many other Countries? The 2012 Program for International Student Assessment (PISA) revealed that Americans are stagnant in education. The United States secretary for education “Arne Duncan” warned that the international tests for math and science showed that the educational problems do not only exist in poor communities and is not limited to certain places and groups (Hanushek, Peterson & Woessmann, 2014).

 This topic warranted exploration since so many have complained about being held to the common core standards. The standards are essentially what are used as the bases for constructing standardized tests. Because the matter is extremely consequential, I do not believe that concessions can be granted regarding the standards, as too much is at stake. Educational priorities must be set high so that American young people will be able to take their rightful place in this global economy. Determining not to effectively fund all schools will ultimately have detrimental effects on the nation. According to Woessman 2001, the amount of resources one has do not raise the performance levels of students as no systematic relationship exists, rather the policies of the school and the governing bodies which provide incentives for personnel will maximize performance of students. I wish to respond to that with an Old Testament passage that said “you are no longer to give the people straw to make brick, let them go and gather straw for themselves” (Exodus 5:7). How does one suppose Egyptian slaves felt when they no longer had the needed resources?

                                                                    References

 Act, Inc. (2011). Affirming the goal: Is college and career readiness an internationally competitive standard? Executive Summary. 4 (ED520012)

 Hanushek, E. A., Peterson, P. E., Woessman, Ludger (2014). U.S. Students from educated families lag in international tests. 14(4), 8-18, 11.

 Woessman, L. (2001) Why students in some countries do better. Education Matters. 1(2)